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Ilona Kolonits
Ilona Kolonits (17 March 1922, Budapest - 2 August 2002, Budapest) was a Hungarian documentary film director and international news correspondent. She was one of the first women war correspondents amongst the first women film directors in Hungary. Kolonits' films were known for their lyrical treatment of grand historical events as well as the lives of ordinary people. Ilona Kolonoits received numerous awards and nominations throughout her career, including international film festivals in Paris, Moscow, Oberhausen, Cortina d’Ampezzo, Berlin, Leipzig, Mexico City and Budapest.〔Csőke József, 'Kolonits Ilona (1922–2002)', Krónika, Filmvilág folyóirat 2002/09 03. old.〕
==Biography==
Ilona Kolonits' father, Ferenc Kolonits and mother Paulina Kolonits (née Holka) were respected humanitarian activists who took an active part in the Hungarian Anti-fascist resistance movement in the Second World War. A young girl herself, at the age of 22, Ilona rescued over 40 children from the Budapest Ghetto who were destined to be deported and killed in the Natzi's concentration camps. Alongside her mother, Paolina Kolonits (née Holka), and Ilona's two sisters, Margit and Paola, Ilona Kolonits was awarded the Righteous Among the Nations title by Yom HaShoah) posthumous in 2007 in recognition of saving the lives of numerous people during the Second World War.〔Yad Vashem http://db.yadvashem.org/righteous/righteousName.html?language=en&itemId=6831285〕 The Kolonits family sheltered in their country home and also their fashion boutique in Budapest a great number of Jewish people and intellectuals persecuted by the Nazis this way saving them from being killed by the fascists in Hungary or in death camps. Ilona's elder sister, Margit Kolonits rescued children of Jewish prisoners while they were being deported. Amongst others the Kolonits family rescued and adopted the orphaned due to the Holocaust young Erzsébet Garai, the later film theoretician and director of the Hungarian Film Institute, editor of ''Filmkultúra'' (''Film Culture''). In 1944 Ilona's father, Ferenc Kolonits was deported to the Buchenwald concentration camp for his Anti-fascist activities along with other leading members of the Hungarian Social Democratic Party. He took part in organising the Buchenwald Resistance movement and fought to liberate the prisoners from the camp.
Apart from rescuing people Ilona Kolonits also took part in carrying messages during the Nazi occupation between groups taking part in resistance in various parts of Budapest. During the Siege of Budapest she was cut off from her family, on the other side of the city over the Danube river and was stranded in a cellar for several weeks without food and very little water. She wrote a farewell note to her family but was fortunately saved when the Natzi's were driven out of Budapest by the advancing 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Front of the Soviet Army. Witnessing at first hand the brutal fascist persecutions, numerous atrocities from the Nazis against minorities and the street fights in Budapest during the Second World War made a lasting impression on Ilona Kolonits and formed her lifelong commitment to international peace and humanitarian affairs.〔Margit Kolonits, 'My Memoirs' ('Visszaemlékezéseim') (10 August 1976, Budapest), manuscript, in private collection〕
In her youth Ilona Kolonits along with her sisters enjoyed athletic sports. In the Anti-fascist movement she befriended many young Hungarian intellectuals, writers, artists and poets including the poet Attila József, and she was a member of the intellectual and artistic Fészek Art Club in Budapest. After the war she studied at the Academy of Drama and Film in Budapest, and in 1953 completed a PhD in Documentary Film and Cinema. In 1954 Kolonits became one of the first Hungarian women academicians and a fellow of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences alongside Elizabeth Garai and Yvette Biro. 〔Csőke József, 'Kolonits Ilona (1922–2002)', Krónika, Filmvilág folyóirat 2002/09 03. old.〕
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